![]() ![]() Pathological narcissism can be expressed in temporary reactions and specific traits, or in a stable, enduring narcissistic personality disorder, NPD. Narcissism is the core of self-esteem and emotionsĪll of this contributes to significant subjective, internal struggles and difficulties for individuals with this pathology. Difficulties tolerating, processing, and regulating feelings, specifically anger, shame, and envy, are common. On the other hand, vulnerability with low self-esteem, insecurity, self-doubts and proneness to self-depriving comparisons and shame can be concealed by self-enhancing extravert, confident, and high aspiring attitudes and presentation. Excessive self-negativity, i.e., being the worst, a failure, or unworthy and undeserving, can paradoxically spur and empower self-enhancement, with exceptional strivings, control, or effective avoidance. People struggling with pathological narcissism make efforts to enhance themselves to protect and support a grandiose but at the same time vulnerable self, and to avoid threats and inferiority caused by negative feelings and experiences, especially reflecting upon the self.Īlthough narcissistic grandiosity usually has been associated with an overevaluation of own positive, valuable qualities and intentions, recent studies have shown both concurrence and interactions between grandiosity and vulnerability. Pathological narcissism differs from normal healthy or exaggerated narcissism foremost because of fluctuating or dysregulated self-esteem and emotions. It is more related to steadfast self-determination, interpersonal ignorance and arrogance, intolerance of obstacles, and excessive self-preoccupation and self-promotion in certain situations or contexts. ![]() All this contribute to an integrated and balanced sense of self and identity, which is reflected in the ability for close mutual and intimate relationships, as well as tolerance of divergences and disagreements.Įxaggerated narcissism or narcissistic personality style, characterized by self-promotion, competitiveness, critical or condescending attitudes towards others, and social maneuvering, is more noticeable in certain age groups or subcultures in today’s society.Īlthough narcissistic personality style can lead to provocative and challenging interpersonal interactions in private, social, or professional contexts, it is usually not an indication of personality pathology or a psychiatric disorder. In addition, self-preservation, and ordinary entitlement, i.e., the right to survival and protection of one’s own self and territory, are also part of normal narcissism. This promotes self-evaluation with ability to assess and manage stressful or threatening situation as well as losses. Foremost, it relates to the capacity to tolerate, understand, and regulate anger. Wished for ideals and attainable aspirations relate to a sense of agency, competence, responsibility, control, and inner mastering of thoughts, feelings, actions, and impulses. ![]()
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